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Cross-border transfers

International data-transfer mechanism

The specific instruments we rely on to move personal data across borders, named for a UK or EU procurement review — not a generic reference to 'standard contractual clauses.'

Last updated 27 June 2026

The instruments we rely on

Permafrost is operated by DuneCodeForge Ltd, incorporated in the United Arab Emirates, and our sub-processors are based in the United States. Operating the Service therefore moves personal data across borders. Rather than name the regime generically, the table below states the exact instrument that authorizes each class of transfer.

Transfer instrument by regime: what it covers and its status
InstrumentApplies toStatus
EU Standard Contractual Clauses — Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/914Personal data covered by the EU GDPR transferred from the EEA to us (UAE) and onward to our US-based sub-processors.Relied on as the transfer instrument. Module selection per data flow — Module Two (controller→processor) for transfers from a customer-controller to us, Module Three (processor→processor) for our onward transfers to sub-processors — is confirmed per executed agreement.
UK International Data Transfer Agreement / UK Addendum to the EU SCCsPersonal data covered by the UK GDPR transferred out of the United Kingdom.Relied on as the UK transfer instrument, issued under s.119A of the UK Data Protection Act 2018. Whether the UK leg uses the standalone IDTA or the Addendum bolted onto the EU SCCs is confirmed per executed agreement.
EU-US and UK-US Data Privacy FrameworkOnward transfers to a US sub-processor that self-certifies under the DPF.Relied on as an additional adequacy basis only where the specific sub-processor is an active DPF participant; the SCCs / IDTA remain in place as the standing instrument regardless.
UAE PDPL Art. 22 and 23 — Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021Personal data originating in, or processed from, the United Arab Emirates by DuneCodeForge Ltd as controller.Transfers are made to jurisdictions with an adequate level of protection, or under a contract imposing PDPL-equivalent safeguards (the standard contractual clauses above), or with the data subject's express consent where Art. 23 requires it.

The instruments above are the standing basis for every cross-border hop. Where a sub-processor is certified under the Data Privacy Framework we may additionally rely on that adequacy decision, but the SCCs / IDTA remain in force regardless so a change in DPF status never leaves a transfer uncovered.

Which EU SCC module

The EU Standard Contractual Clauses come in four modules; the right one depends on the role each party plays in a given data flow. We select per agreement:

Module One — controller to controller
Not our standard posture: we act as a processor for customer data, not an independent controller of it.
Module Two — controller to processor
The customer (controller) instructs us (processor) to read and analyze their tenant. This is the primary module for customer personal data reaching us.
Module Three — processor to processor
Our onward transfer to a sub-processor (hosting, database, email) that processes on our behalf under the same instructions.
Module Four — processor to controller
Not applicable to the Service's data flows.

The executed module for each sub-processor is recorded in that sub-processor's data-processing agreement and is provided with the signable DPA package on request.

Transfer-impact assessment

A transfer-impact assessment — the case-by-case analysis the SCCs and UK IDTA require, weighing the destination's legal regime and the supplementary measures in place (encryption in transit, tenant isolation, zero standing write access, no customer-cloud credentials at rest) — is available to customers and their counsel on request. Email support@permafrostepm.com to receive it under your DPA.